SuperProfesseur.com, spécialiste du soutien scolaire et de la formation professionnelle: 2013

mardi 31 décembre 2013

Ronning Against Cancer (breast cancer)’s last run on Tuesday,December 31st 2013. Great motivation and Well-Being / Wellness to run !!! Happy New Year’s Eve party!!!

Paris, @ 8 : 00

Time : 55’

Distance : 13 km

Great run in the nature with good feelings and wellness J

Ronning Against Cancer’s Project 2014...

lundi 30 décembre 2013

Pour bien commencer la nouvelle année 2014, mise en application de la loi votée en 2012 sur la hausse de TVA.

Dès le 1^er janvier 2014 :

- Le taux normal passera de 19,6% à 20 %

- Le taux intermédiaire de 7 à 10 %.

Quant au taux réduit, qui devait à l'origine descendre à 5 %, il sera maintenu à 5,5 %. Ces mesures doivent apporter plus de 6 milliards d'euros à l'État, dans le but de financer une partie du crédit d'impôt compétitivité emploi (CICE) qui allégera le coût du travail des entreprises de 10 milliards l'an prochain.

Quelles seront sont donc les conséquences pour les ménages et les entreprises ?

dimanche 29 décembre 2013

Latest world cancer statistics - Global cancer burden rises to 14.1 million new cases in 2012: Marked increase in breast cancers must be addressed . Estimated Incidence, Mortality and Prevalence Worldwide in 2012 by International Agency for Research on Cancer (World Health Organization)

International Agency for Research on Cancer

World Health Organization

PRESS RELEASE N° 223

Lyon/Geneva, 12 December 2013 – The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC),

the specialized cancer agency of the World Health Organization, today released the latest data on cancer incidence, mortality, and prevalence worldwide¹.The new version of IARC’s online database, GLOBOCAN 2012, provides the most recent estimates for 28 types of cancer in 184 countries worldwide and offers a comprehensive overview of the global cancer burden.

GLOBOCAN 2012 reveals striking patterns of cancer in women and highlights that priority

should be given to cancer prevention and control measures for breast and cervical cancers

globally.

Global burden rises to 14.1 million new cases and 8.2 million cancer deaths in 2012

According to GLOBOCAN 2012, an estimated 14.1 million new cancer cases and 8.2 million

cancer-related deaths occurred in 2012, compared with 12.7 million and 7.6 million, respectively, in 2008. Prevalence estimates for 2012 show that there were 32.6 million people (over the age of 15 years) alive who had had a cancer diagnosed in the previous five years.

The most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide were those of the lung (1.8 million, 13.0% of the total), breast (1.7 million, 11.9%), and colorectum (1.4 million, 9.7%). The most common causes of cancer death were cancers of the lung (1.6 million, 19.4% of the total), liver (0.8 million, 9.1%), and stomach (0.7 million, 8.8%).

Projections based on the GLOBOCAN 2012 estimates predict a substantive increase to

19.3 million new cancer cases per year by 2025, due to growth and ageing of the global

population. More than half of all cancers (56.8%) and cancer deaths (64.9%) in 2012 occurred in less developed regions of the world, and these proportions will increase further by 2025.

Sharp rise in breast cancer worldwide

In 2012, 1.7 million women were diagnosed with breast cancer and there were 6.3 million women alive who had been diagnosed with breast cancer in the previous five years. Since the 2008 estimates, breast cancer incidence has increased by more than 20%, while mortality has increased by 14%. Breast cancer is also the most common cause of cancer death among women (522 000 deaths in 2012) and the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women in 140 of 184 countries worldwide. It now represents one in four of all cancers in women.

“Breast cancer is also a leading cause of cancer death in the less developed countries of the

world. This is partly because a shift in lifestyles is causing an increase in incidence, and partly

because clinical advances to combat the disease are not reaching women living in these regions,” says Dr David Forman, Head of the IARC Section of Cancer Information, the group that compiles the global cancer data.

Generally, worldwide trends show that in developing countries going through rapid societal and economic changes, the shift towards lifestyles typical of industrialized countries leads to a rising burden of cancers associated with reproductive, dietary, and hormonal risk factors.

Incidence has been increasing in most regions of the world, but there are huge inequalities

between rich and poor countries. Incidence rates remain highest in more developed regions, but mortality is relatively much higher in less developed countries due to a lack of early detection and access to treatment facilities. For example, in western Europe, breast cancer incidence has reached more than 90 new cases per 100 000 women annually, compared with 30 per 100 000 in eastern Africa. In contrast, breast cancer mortality rates in these two regions are almost identical, at about 15 per 100 000, which clearly points to a later diagnosis and much poorer survival in eastern Africa.

“An urgent need in cancer control today is to develop effective and affordable approaches to the early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of breast cancer among women living in less developed countries,” explains Dr Christopher Wild, Director of IARC. “It is critical to bring morbidity and mortality in line with progress made in recent years in more developed parts of the world.”

Cervical cancer, an avoidable cause of death among women in sub-Saharan Africa

With 528 000 new cases every year, cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer affecting women worldwide, after breast, colorectal, and lung cancers; it is most notable in the lower-resource countries of sub-Saharan Africa. It is also the fourth most common cause of cancer death (266 000 deaths in 2012) in women worldwide. Almost 70% of the global burden falls in areas with lower levels of development, and more than one fifth of all new cases are diagnosed in India.

“Cervical cancer can have devastating effects with a very high human, social, and economic cost, affecting women in their prime. But this disease should not be a death sentence, even in poor countries,” explains Dr Rengaswamy Sankaranarayanan, a lead investigator for an IARC research project with a focus on cervical cancer screening in rural India. “Low-tech and inexpensive screening tools exist and could significantly reduce the burden of cervical cancer deaths right now in less developed countries.”

In sub-Saharan Africa, 34.8 new cases of cervical cancer are diagnosed per 100 000 women annually, and 22.5 per 100 000 women die from the disease. These figures compare with 6.6 and 2.5 per 100 000 women, respectively, in North America. The drastic differences can be explained by lack of access to effective screening and to services that facilitate early detection and treatment.

“These findings bring into sharp focus the need to implement the tools already available for cervical cancer, notably HPV vaccination combined with well-organized national programmes for screening and treatment,” stresses Dr Wild.

Note to the Editor

The online GLOBOCAN 2012 resource at http://globocan.iarc.fr/ is easy to use and has facilities to produce maps and other graphics. In addition, a series of fact sheets describe the overall cancer burden within specific areas or countries. GLOBOCAN 2012 also provides the user with facilities to predict the future cancer incidence and mortality burden over the next 20 years according to projected population ageing and population growth.

These estimates are based on the most recent data available at IARC and on information publicly available on the World Wide Web. GLOBOCAN 2012 provides a global profile of cancer that has been developed using a number of methods that are dependent on the availability and the accuracy of the data. National sources are used where possible, with local data and statistical modelling used in their absence.

References

Incidence/mortality data:

Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Ervik M, Dikshit R, Eser S, Mathers C, Rebelo M, Parkin DM, Forman D, Bray, F (2013). GLOBOCAN 2012 v1.0, Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide: IARC CancerBase No. 11 [Internet]. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer. Available from http://globocan.iarc.fr.

Prevalence data:

Bray F, Ren JS, Masuyer E, Ferlay J (2013). Global estimates of cancer prevalence for 27 sites in the adult population in 2008. Int J Cancer, 132(5):1133–1145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.27711 PMID:22752881

For more information, please contact

Véronique Terrasse, Communications Group, or at +33 (0) 645 284 952

or Dr Nicolas Gaudin, IARC Communications

http://www.iarc.fr/en/media-centre/pr/2013/pdfs/pr223_E.pdf

jeudi 26 décembre 2013

Qu’est-ce que l’économie sociale et solidaire (ESS)? Les 5 principes de l'économie sociale et solidaire

Les principes de l’économie sociale et solidaire

La charte de l’économie sociale élaborée par le Conseil des entreprises et groupements de l’économie sociale (CEGES) a défini l’économie sociale et solidaire selon cinq critères :

Principe 1: la non-lucrativité ou lucrativité limitée

Ce principe n’empêche pas la réalisation de bénéfices mais il interdit la distribution de dividendes aux sociétaires. Les éventuels profits sont réinvestis dans le projet.

Principe 2 : la gouvernance démocratique

Les décisions stratégiques se prennent en assemblée générale selon le principe « une personne = une voix ». Chaque membre compte pour une voix, quel que soit son apport.

Principe 3 : l’utilité collective ou sociale du projet

Celle-ci prime sur la recherche du profit.

Principe 4 : la mixité des ressources

Les ressources de ce secteur sont soit privées, soit mixtes (fonds privés et subventions étatiques lorsqu’il participe à la mise en œuvre de politiques d’intérêt général tel que emploi, santé, politique d’environnement...).

Principe 5 : la liberté d’adhésion

Nul ne peut être obligé d’adhérer ou de rester adhérent d’une structure de l’économie sociale.

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mardi 31 décembre 2013

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dimanche 29 décembre 2013

jeudi 26 décembre 2013

Les principes de l’économie sociale et solidaire

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